Thanks for your work and research, very interesting. I might add that these "labour transfer programs" are very common across Asia. Here in Malaysia and Singapore, there are many migrants working, some legitimately, some illegally. And I suspect the labourers in China's transfer programs are treated better than the labour migrants in Malaysia and Singapore (who come from Indonesia, Phillipines, Bangladesh, Myanmar etc). At least in China I presume there are voices speaking up to protect the rights of labour from Xinjiang, etc; whereas (at least in Malaysia) the government departments tend to prioritise the needs of industry and households (who employ domestic labour), and only NGOs speak up for the rights of migrant labour.
Whatever the flaws of labour migrant programs, they do give migrant labourers an opportunity to advance economically. As well as bring their experiences back to their home countries. I would also guess that the migrant labours have more rights than the illegal migrant workers in the US, who have no rights whatsoever.
Thankyou for this. Food for arguments elsewhere.
Thanks for your work and research, very interesting. I might add that these "labour transfer programs" are very common across Asia. Here in Malaysia and Singapore, there are many migrants working, some legitimately, some illegally. And I suspect the labourers in China's transfer programs are treated better than the labour migrants in Malaysia and Singapore (who come from Indonesia, Phillipines, Bangladesh, Myanmar etc). At least in China I presume there are voices speaking up to protect the rights of labour from Xinjiang, etc; whereas (at least in Malaysia) the government departments tend to prioritise the needs of industry and households (who employ domestic labour), and only NGOs speak up for the rights of migrant labour.
Whatever the flaws of labour migrant programs, they do give migrant labourers an opportunity to advance economically. As well as bring their experiences back to their home countries. I would also guess that the migrant labours have more rights than the illegal migrant workers in the US, who have no rights whatsoever.